![]() Stabilising the Fezzan in the midst of such a storm will be difficult, but it has been neglected far too long, to the detriment of its residents, its neighbours and Europe alike. External forces – regional powers, foreign mercenaries and transnational jihadist groups – have also meddled, joining local conflicts or using the south as a transit zone. Ethnic and tribal tensions, magnified by the political vacuum and economic competition, have been exploited by rival factions competing to control the country. Incentives for smuggling of all types – people, oil, gold, weapons, drugs – far outstrip those for making money through legal means. While the region is richly endowed with natural resources, it suffers from the absence of a central authority able to impose order. The Fezzan sits at a regional crossroads, linking southern Libya to the Sahel and sub-Saharan migrant routes to northern Libya and onto Europe. By contrast, the illicit economy is booming. ![]() The region’s licit economy is depressed, but the national economic and financial institutions that could help revive it are largely paralysed. The Fezzan suffers from multiple problems, most of which are not of its own making.
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